Tag: statistics

The number of drug and medical device applications China's national regulator accepted and approved in 2025, and what each count measures.

A working guide to blood biomarker analysis for technically fluent readers: what a single result can and cannot tell you, how to separate biological variation from signal, and how to structure your own longitudinal data.

How to run a genome-wide association study in R end to end, from VCF to QC to association testing to polygenic scores, and what you can and cannot do with a single genome.

A post hoc |log2FC| > 1 filter is the wrong tool. Test against a fold-change threshold directly with DESeq2's lfcThreshold or edgeR's glmTreat, shrink effect sizes before ranking, and pick the threshold from your own replicate structure.